The constitutional rights of respondents are not to be sacrificed or yielded to the violence and disorder which have followed upon the actions of the Governor and Legislature. That is what courts are for.' As a result of these discussions, the Board reached the conclusion that 'a large majority of the residents' of Little Rock were of 'the belief * * * that the Plan, although objectionable in principle,' from the point of view of those supporting segregated schools, 'was still the best for the interests of all pupils in the District.'. William G Cooper William G. Cooper, age 97, of Williamsburg, KY, passed away Wednesday August 31, 2016 at the Williamsburg Health and Rehabilitation Center in Williamsburg, KY. The constitutional provision, therefore, must mean that no agency of the State, or of the officers or agents by whom its powers are exerted, shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Mr. Thurgood Marshall, New York City, for respondents. People Projects Discussions Surnames In the formulation of that decree the Court recognized that good faith compliance with the principles declared in Brown might in some situations 'call for elimination of a variety of obstacles in making the transition to school systems operated in accordance with the constitutional principles set forth in our May 17, 1954, decision.' 349 U.S. at page 300, 75 S.Ct. Desirable as this is, and important as is the preservation of the public peace, this aim cannot be accomplished by laws or ordinances which deny rights created or protected by the federal Constitution.' William G. COOPER et al., Members of the Board of Directors of the Little Rock, Arkan- sas Independent School District, and Virgil T. Blossom, Superintendent of Schools, petitioners, v. John AARON et al. Review. §§ 6-801 to 6-824, were enacted by the General Assembly in February 1957. Jay Demarcus, Tim Akers, Warren D. Cornell, William G. Cooper Paz Cuan Dulce Paz (Wonderful Peace) Vicente Mendoza, Warren D. Cornell, William G. Cooper 753, 99 L.Ed. The use of force to further obedience to law is in any event a last resort and one not congenial to the spirit of our Nation. No state legislator or executive or judicial officer can war against the Constitution without violating his undertaking to support it. The Constitution is not the formulation of the merely personal views of the members of this Court, nor can its authority be reduced to the claim that state officials are its controlling interpreters. 'While giving weight to these public and private considerations, the courts will require that the defendants make a prompt and reasonable start toward full compliance with our May 17, 1954, ruling. Smith v. Texas, 311 U.S. 128, 132, 61 S.Ct. But the officers caused the children to be removed from the school during the morning because they had difficulty controlling a large and demonstrating crowd which had gathered at the high school. If he had such power, said Chief Justice Hughes, in 1932, also for a unanimous Court, 'it is manifest that the fiat of a state Governor, and not the Constitution of the United States, would be the supreme law of the land; that the restrictions of the Federal Constitution upon the exercise of state power would be but impotent phrases * * *.' Search Google for 'WILLIAM G COOPER' Search LittleSis for 'WILLIAM G COOPER' Other officers in MR. GRAY RESTAURANT, LLC Showing first 30 . 1189, 1190, we convened in Special Term on August 28, 1958, and heard oral argument on the respondents' motions, and also argument of the Solicitor General who, by invitation, appeared for the United States as amicus curiae, and asserted that the Court of Appeals' judgment was clearly correct on the merits, and urged that we vacate its stay forthwith. September 11, 1958. To withhold it, and indeed to use political power to try to paralyze the supreme Law, precludes the maintenance of our federal system as we have known and cherished it for one hundred and seventy years. Lock. The record before us clearly establishes that the growth of the Board's difficulties to a magnitude beyond its unaided power to control is the product of state action. § 80-1525, and a law establishing a State Sovereignty Commission, Ark.Stats. No explanation that may be offered in support of such a request can obscure the inescapable meaning that law should bow to force. 1399: 'The Court, having fully deliberated upon the oral arguments had on August 28, 1958, as supplemented by the arguments presented on September 11, 1958, and all the briefs on file, is unanimously of the opinion that the judgment of the Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit of August 18, 1958, 257 F.2d 33, must be affirmed. Desegregation at the junior high and elementary levels was to follow. Bolling v. Sharpe, 347 U.S. 497, 74 S.Ct. See William G Smith's compensation, career history, education, & memberships. 1 August Special Term, 1958. William G Cooper was born on 11 Oct 1888 William G Cooper was 7 years old when George VI of the United Kingdom (d. 1952) George VI was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death in 1952. The following was the Court's per curiam opinion, 78 S.Ct. They vigorously flow from the fruitful exercise of the responsibility of those charged with political official power and from the almost unconsciously transforming actualities of living under law. The Governor's action caused the School Board to request the Negro students on September 2 not to attend the high school 'until the legal dilemma was solved.' 13227 PARTNERS LLC, member 13227 PARTNERS LLC, director CHARLES E CLARK, director CHARLES E CLARK, member WILLIAM G COOPER, managing m See all . Nor is it neutralized by the undoubted good faith of the Little Rock School Board in endeavoring to discharge its constitutional duty. Father of Reva Ione Enockson; Russell Alexander Cooper; Floy Adele Cody; Keith Merlin Cooper and Private. EUR 24,27. View the profiles of people named Williams G. Cooper. We encourage you to research and examine these records to determine their accuracy. Born 1834 [location unknown] Ancestors . No one, no matter how exalted his public office or how righteous his private motive, can be judge in his own case. We reject these contentions. It presupposes such support. Thus the process of the community's accommodation to new demands of law upon it, the development of habits of acceptance of the right of colored children to the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Constitution, Amend. The Mayor considered that the Little Rock police force could adequately cope with any incidents which might arise at the opening of school. Pending the filing of the School Board's petition for certiorari, the Negro respondents, on August 23, 1958, applied to Mr. Justice Whittaker, as Circuit Justice for the Eighth Circuit, to stay the order of the Court of Appeals withholding its own mandate and also to stay the District Court's judgment. Lincoln's appeal to 'the better angels of our nature' failed to avert a fratricidal war. State authorities were thus duty bound to devote every effort toward initiating desegregation and bringing about the elimination of racial discrimination in the public school system. The burden rests upon the defendants to establish that such time is necessary in the public interest and is consistent with good faith compliance at the earliest practicable date. See 21 Profile Searchers. United States v. Peters, 5 Cranch 115, 136, 3 L.Ed. He was the last Emperor of India and the first Head of the Commonwealth. First came, in November 1956, an amendment to the State Constitution flatly commanding the Arkansas General Assembly to oppose 'in every Constitutional manner the Un-constitutional desegregation decisions of May 17, 1954 and May 31, 1955 of the United States Supreme Court,' Ark.Const.Amend. 220, affirmed, Faubus v. United States, 8 Cir., 254 F.2d 797. COOPER, William – Passed peacefully away at Golden Heights Manor, Bonavista on Tuesday, July 14, 2020, William George Cooper of Queens Cove, aged 95 years. 220, 225. For carrying out the decision that color alone cannot bar a child from a public school, this Court has recognized the diversity of circumstances in local school situations. The National Guard was then withdrawn from the school. Every state legislator and executive and judicial officer is solemnly committed by oath taken pursuant to Art. A free online library of books, music, magazines, and more. It was contemplated that desegregation at the high school level would commence in the fall of 1957, and the expectation was that complete desegregation of the school system would be accomplished by 1963. Neither the Governor nor any other official of the State government consulted with the Little Rock authorities about whether the Little Rock police were prepared to cope with any incidents which might arise at the school, about any need for State assistance in maintaining peace and order, or about stationing the Arkansas National Guard at Central High School.' The process of ending unconstitutional exclusion of pupils from the common school system—'common' meaning shared alike—solely because of color is no doubt not an easy, overnight task in a few States where a drastic alteration in the ways of communities is involved. On May 20, 1954, three days after the first Brown opinion, the Little Rock District School Board adopted, and on May 23, 1954, made public, a statement of policy entitled 'Supreme Court Decision—Segregation in Public Schools.' The Board's petition for postponement in this proceeding states: 'The effect of that action [of the Governor] was to harden the core of opposition to the Plan and cause many persons who theretofore had reluctantly accepted the Plan to believe there was some power in the State of Arkansas which, when exerted, could nullify the Federal law and permit disobedience of the decree of this [District] Court, and from that date hostility to the Plan was increased and criticism of the officials of the [School] District has become more bitter and unrestrained.' Predeceased by his wife Gladys and one great granddaughter. View William G. Cooper’s profile on LinkedIn, the world's largest professional community. When John Adams put that phrase into the Massachusetts Declaration of Rights, pt. 677, 703, 91 L.Ed. What has been said, in the light of the facts developed, is enough to dispose of the case. Habits and feelings they engender may be counteracted and moderated. In this statement the Board recognized that, 'It is our responsibility to comply with Federal Constitutional Requirements and we intend to do so when the Supreme Court of the United States outlines the method to be followed.' How do we create a person’s profile? Mr. J. Lee Rankin, Sol. John AARON et al. Published arrest records are previously published public records of: an arrest, an indictment, a registration, the deprivation of liberty or a detention. There are two current phone numbers associated with William G Cooper Jr.. You can try to call William G Cooper Jr.’s landline at (336) 879-6087 or reach William G Cooper Jr. at (910) 879-6087.The latter is a mobile phone number. Or, what this Court has deemed its duty to decide may be changed by legislation, as it often has been, and, on occasion, by constitutional amendment. Three days later, September 7, the District Court denied a petition of the School Board and the Superintendent of Schools for an order temporarily suspending continuance of the program. In short, the constitutional rights of children not to be discriminated against in school admission on grounds of race or color declared by this Court in the Brown case can neither be nullified openly and directly by state legislators or state executive or judicial officers, nor nullified indirectly by them through evasive schemes for segregation whether attempted 'ingeniously or ingenuously.' It would have to be retraced against the seemingly vindicated feeling of those who actively sought to block that progress. The Negro respondents appealed to the Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit and also sought there a stay of the District Court's judgment. The findings were these: 'Up to this time [September 2], no crowds had gathered about Central High School and no acts of violence or threats of violence in connection with the carrying out of the plan had occurred. Sometimes William goes by various nicknames including William G Cooper. * * *' Ableman v. Booth, 21 How. Whoever, by virtue of public position under a State government, * * * denies or takes away the equal protection of the laws, violates the constitutional inhibition; and as he acts in the name and for the State, and is clothed with the State's power, his act is that of the State. 873. The Court of Appeals did not act on the petition for a stay but on August 18, 1958, after convening in special session on August 4 and hearing the appeal, reversed the District Court, 257 F.2d 33. The Mayor considered that the Little Rock police force could adequately cope with any incidents which might arise at the opening of school. The Mayor, the Chief of Police, and the school authorities made no request to the Governor or any representative of his for State assistance in maintaining peace and order at Central High School. Note: The per curiam opinion announced on September 12, 1958, and printed in a footnote, post, p. 5, applies not only to this case but also to No. 'The judgment of this Court shall be effective immediately, and shall be communicated forthwith to the District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas.'. See President Andrew Jackson's Message to Congress of January 16, 1833, II Richardson, Messages and Papers of the Presidents (1896 ed. §§ 80-1519 to 80-1524. Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com: accessed ), memorial page for William G Cooper (1864–1939), Find a Grave Memorial no. He was expressing the aim of those who, with him, framed the Declaration of Independence and founded the Republic. Frais de port : EUR 15,65. View the profiles of people named William G Cooper. In view of the nature of the motions, he referred them to the entire Court. No. Had Central High School been under the direct management of the State itself, it could hardly be suggested that those immediately in charge of the school should be heard to assert their own good faith as a legal excuse for delay in implementing the constitutional rights of these respondents, when vindication of those rights was rendered difficult of impossible by the actions of other state officials. Buchanan v. Warley, 245 U.S. 60, 81, 38 S.Ct. As this Court said some 41 years ago in a unanimous opinion in a case involving another aspect of racial segregation: 'It is urged that this proposed segregation will promote the public peace by preventing race conflicts. The State 'must * * * yield to an authority that is paramount to the State.' Brown v. Board of Education, 349 U.S. 294, 75 S.Ct. 16, 20, 62 L.Ed. The command of the Fourteenth Amendment is that no 'State' shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. [Syllabus from Pages 1-3 intentionally left blank]. Nevertheless, out of an abundance of caution, the school authorities had frequently conferred with the Mayor and Chief of Police of Little Rock about taking appropriate steps by the Little Rock police to prevent any possible disturbances or acts of violence in connection with the attendance of the 9 colored students at Central High School. On the other hand, a District Court, after analysis of the relevant factors (which, of course, excludes hostility to racial desegregation), might conclude that justification existed for not requiring the present nonsegregated admission of all qualified Negro children. The conception of a government by laws dominated the thoughts of those who founded this Nation and designed its Constitution, although they knew as well as the belittlers of the conception that laws have to be made, interpreted and enforced by men. Thus law and order are not here to be preserved by depriving the Negro children of their constitutional rights. 53. Since the first Brown opinion three new Justices have come to the Court. Compliance with decisions of this Court, as the constitutional organ of the supreme Law of the Land, has often, throughout our history, depended on active support by state and local authorities. Husband of Bessie Cooper 13, be affirmed, and that the judgments of the District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas, dated August 28, 1956, 143 F.Supp. It can act in no other way. 220, 225. He was born February 2, 1919 in Whitley County, KY, to the late Charlie Cooper and the late Sarah Nan Lawson Cooper. Geni requires JavaScript! To yield to such a claim would be to enthrone official lawlessness and lawlessness if not checked is the precursor of anarchy. Phone Number: (863) 984-DLEG +2 phones. Aaron v. Cooper, 156 F.Supp. William G. COOPER et al., Members of the Board of Directors of the Little Rock, Arkansas Independent School District, and Virgil T. Blossom, Superintendent of Schools, Petitioners, v. John AARON et al. State support of segregated schools through any arrangement, management, funds, or property cannot be squared with the Amendment's command that no State shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Those difficulties, as counsel for the Board forthrightly conceded on the oral argument in this Court, can also be brought under control by state action. Thereafter the Board undertook studies of the administrative problems confronting the transition to a desegregated public school system at Little Rock. Opinion of the Court by The CHIEF JUSTICE, Mr. Justice BLACK, Mr. Justice FRANKFURTER, Mr. Justice DOUGLAS, Mr. Justice BURTON, Mr. Justice CLARK, Mr. Justice HARLAN, Mr. Justice BRENNAN, and Mr. Justice WHITTAKER. Quantité disponible : 1. Current Address: WDZY Patten Hill Rd, Candia, NH. Facebook gives people the power to share and makes the world more open and connected. The Court went on to state: 'Courts of equity may properly take into account the public interest in the elimination of such obstacles in a systematic and effective manner. 855. (Pound, The Future of Law (1937) 47 Yale L.J. 349 U.S. at pages 300-301, 75 S.Ct. The District Court's judgment was dated June 20, 1958. Funeral Home Services for William are being provided by Haisley Funeral and Cremation Service. Our constitutional ideal of equal justice under law is thus made a living truth. Edit Profile. By working together, by sharing in a common effort, men of different minds and tempers, even if they do not reach agreement, acquire understanding and thereby tolerance of their differences. 'But from their own experience and their deep reading in history, the Founders knew that Law alone saves a society from being rent by internecine strife or ruled by mere brute power however disguised. The State of Arkansas is thus responsible for disabling one of its subordinate agencies, the Little Rock School Board, from peacefully carrying out the Board's and the State's constitutional duty. They were then replaced by federalized National Guardsmen who remained throughout the balance of the school year. Local customs, however hardened by time, are not decreed in heaven. Managed by: Private User Last Updated: November 27, 2014 The Board therefore proposed that the Negro students already admitted to the school be withdrawn and sent to segregated schools, and that all further steps to carry out the Board's desegregation program be postponed for a period later suggested by the Board to be two and one-half years. Contacts (3) Locations (2) Family (3) Social; Court (336) And More; Phone & Email (3) We found 3 phone numbers and email addresses. 163 F.Supp., at pages 20-26. Past Addresses: Lakeland FL. The Little Rock School Board had embarked on an educational effort 'to obtain public acceptance' of its plan. 156 F.Supp. He was born February 2, 1919 in Whitley County, KY, to the late Charlie Cooper and the late Sarah Nan Lawson Cooper. Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. Neither the Governor nor any other official of the State government consulted with the Little Rock authorities about whether the Little Rock police were prepared to cope with any incidents which might arise at the school, about any need for State assistance in maintaining peace and order, or about stationing the Arkansas National Guard at Central High School.' Every act of government may be challenged by an appeal to law, as finally pronounced by this Court. The situation here is in no different posture because the members of the School Board and the Superintendent of Schools are local officials; from the point of view of the Fourteenth Amendment, they stand in this litigation as the agents of the State. State of Wisconsin v. State of Illinois, 281 U.S. 179, 197, 50 S.Ct. The obituary was featured in … The significance of these findings, however, is to be considered in light of the fact, indisputably revealed by the record before us, that the conditions they depict are directly traceable to the actions of legislators and executive officials of the State of Arkansas, taken in their official capacities, which reflect their own determination to resist this Court's decision in the Brown case and which have brought about violent resistance to that decision in Arkansas. The principles announced in that decision and the obedience of the States to them, according to the command of the Constitution, are indispensable for the protection of the freedoms guaranteed by our fundamental charter for all of us. VI, ¶3 'to support this Constitution.' 'A State acts by its legislative, its executive, or its judicial authorities. 884. That same day, September 4, 1957, the United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Arkansas was requested by the District Court to begin an immediate investigation in order to fix responsibility for the interference with the orderly implementation of the District Court's direction to carry out the desegregation program. So strongly were the framers of the Constitution bent on securing a reign of law that they endowed the judicial office with extraordinary safeguards and prestige. We are now asked to hold that the illegal, forcible interference by the State of Arkansas with the continuance of what the Constitution commands, and the consequences in disorder that it entrained, should be recognized as justification for undoing what the School Board had formulated, what the District Court in 1955 had directed to be carried out, and what was in process of obedience. While the School Board was thus going forward with its preparation for desegregating the Little Rock school system, other state authorities, in contrast, were actively pursuing a program designed to perpetuate in Arkansas the system of racial segregation which this Court had held violated the Fourteenth Amendment. Concurring opinion of Mr. Justice FRANKFURTER. 686, 98 L.Ed. 884 (concurring opinion). Sterling v. Constantin, 287 U.S. 378, 397-398, 53 S.Ct. Thus the prohibitions of the Fourteenth Amendment extend to all action of the State denying equal protection of the laws; whatever the agency of the State taking the action, see Virginia v. Rives, 100 U.S. 313, 25 L.Ed. 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